A Guide to Stomach Cramps Throughout Pregnancy: What’s Normal and When to Seek Help

Implantation and early uterine changes

As the embryo implants into the uterine lining in early pregnancy (at approximately 4 weeks), you may feel mild cramping.

Your uterus will start to stretch and become thicker as the weeks progress, as the uterine muscle expands and its blood supply increases. This can bring on sensations that feel similar to period cramps or a dull ache in your lower abdomen. Mild, sporadic cramping without any accompanying vaginal bleeding is considered normal.

Hormonal changes and digestion

Your digestive system can be slowed down by pregnancy hormones, specifically progesterone. While this is beneficial to your baby, in that it helps them to absorb more nutrients, it can cause you to feel bloated and gassy. Cramps that present with discomfort from trapped wind alongside a feeling of fullness are normal, due to the slowing of the digestive system.

Constipation and trapped wind

One of the main culprits for lower abdominal discomfort in pregnancy is constipation.

A dull abdominal ache or sharp pains in the lower abdomen that subside once your bowels have moved (you have had a poo) is normal and self-management for constipation is recommended. Taking proactive measures in preventing constipation include making sure you have adequate fibre in your diet , you are moving your body daily and are staying well hydrated.

Round ligament pain

This is arguably the most frequent cause of second trimester discomfort. The round ligaments which support your expanding uterus are required to stretch significantly to accommodate your growing baby, similar to the action of drawing back the rubber bands on a slingshot or catapult just before release.

Round ligament pain can present as a sudden, sharp jolt in the lower tummy or groin area, often brought on by sudden movement such as coughing, sneezing, or standing up too fast.

Pain that eases after a few seconds and is not accompanied by vaginal bleeding, is considered a normal discomfort in pregnancy.

Growing uterus and organ pressure

As your uterus moves higher up into your abdomen in the second trimester this can put pressure on your organs and the surrounding muscles. As your bump grows, you can expect to feel a general "pulling" sensation or a dull ache.

Braxton Hicks contractions

Commonly referred to as "practice contractions," these are your body’s way of building up the tone in the uterus, as it prepares for birth.

Braxton Hicks feel like a tightening or hardening of the abdomen, and while they can be uncomfortable, they are never painful. They are sporadic with no particular pattern and do not get stronger. Unlike true labour, Braxton Hicks will typically subside or go away completely if you alter your position.

Learn more about Braxton Hicks contractions.

Pelvic pressure and late pregnancy discomfort

As the baby moves down into the pelvis, you might feel increased lower abdominal pain while pregnant. This is due to the baby’s head putting pressure on your pelvic floor combined with pelvic joints being stretched. You can relieve pelvic pressure or pain by doing some pelvic floor exercises.

Warning signs to look out for

Trusting your instincts

No one knows your body better than you do. If something feels wrong or you are simply feeling worried, don't hesitate to seek out medical advice. Healthcare professionals are there to provide support and ensure the safety of both you, and your baby.